一般而言，酒店采用水洗的方法進行布草洗滌，但是用水洗滌布草時，常常會出現一些物質沾附在面料上，有些織物經水洗滌后會出現一些斑點，或者使原來艷麗的色彩變得暗淡無光等。在布草的熨燙中，蒸汽熨斗使用一段時間后，噴氣口會附著許多水垢。出現上述現象，主要原因是洗滌用水的水質太硬，就是酒店布草業常用詞匯的“硬水”。

Generally speaking, hotels use the method of water washing for fabric washing. However, when washing the fabric with water, some substances often adhere to the fabric, some fabrics may show spots after washing, or the original bright colors may become dull and dull. In the ironing of linen, after using the steam iron for a period of time, a lot of scale will adhere to the air jet. The main reason for the above phenomenon is that the water used for washing is too hard, which is the commonly used term "hard water" in the hotel linen industry.

硬水的概念及分類

The concept and classification of hard water

硬水是含有一定數量的鈣、鎂、鐵、鋁和錳的碳酸鹽，還有重碳酸鈣、氯化物、硫酸鹽以及硝酸鹽雜質的水，大于80PPM的為硬水。鈣、鎂鹽類物質是硬水的主要組成部分。

Hard water is a carbonate containing a certain amount of calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and manganese, as well as water containing impurities such as calcium bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, and nitrate. Water greater than 80PPM is considered hard water. Calcium and magnesium salts are the main components of hard water.

辨別硬水的方法

Method for distinguishing hard water

方法一：準備一個干凈的玻璃片，將要檢測的水滴在玻璃片上，當水滴蒸發完后，看是否有殘留的白色物質，較多的是硬水，較少的是軟水；

Method 1: Prepare a clean glass sheet and place the water to be tested on it. After the water droplets evaporate, check for any residual white matter, with more being hard water and less being soft water;

方法二：把水放在燒杯中進行加熱，觀察水壁上是否有水垢，較多則為硬水；

Method 2: Heat the water in a beaker and observe if there is scale on the water wall. If there is more, it is hard water;

方法三：將水裝于燒杯中，滴入少量的肥皂水，泡沫比較少的就是硬度比較高的水。

Method 3: Put water in a beaker and drop a small amount of soapy water. The water with less foam is the water with higher hardness.

硬水在洗滌、熨燙中的危害

The hazards of hard water in washing and ironing

損壞布草的質感和色澤

Damaging the texture and color of linen

硬水洗滌布草會損壞其質感和色澤。硬水中的鈣、鎂離子在織物上沉積，使白色織物產生發灰現象，影響白度和手感，使顏色織物的色彩變暗，失去鮮艷感，而且手感粗糙。

Washing linen with hard water can damage its texture and color. Calcium and magnesium ions in hard water deposit on the fabric, causing graying of white fabrics, affecting whiteness and texture, causing the color of colored fabrics to darken, lose their vividness, and have a rough texture.

降低洗滌劑的功能

Reduce the function of detergents

硬水中的鈣鎂離子與洗滌劑中的表面活性劑結合，可生成金屬鹽，使表面活性劑失去活力，不能發揮洗滌劑的應有性能，降低洗滌劑的主要功能。

The combination of calcium and magnesium ions in hard water with surfactants in detergents can generate metal salts, causing the surfactants to lose their vitality and fail to perform as expected, thereby reducing the main function of detergents.

頑固污漬難以去除

Difficult to remove stubborn stains

水中的鈣、鎂離子可與洗滌劑中的物質結合，生成沉淀物。另外，鈣離子還影響有色污垢的去除，使一些污垢在洗滌以后依然沾附在衣物上，鉆入纖維小孔和毛細管，躲在纖維空隙里面，比一般污垢粘的還牢固，清除它更為困難。

Calcium and magnesium ions in water can combine with substances in detergents to form precipitates. In addition, calcium ions also affect the removal of colored dirt, causing some dirt to still adhere to clothing after washing, drilling into fiber pores and capillaries, hiding in fiber gaps, making it more difficult to remove than regular dirt.

腐蝕布草熨燙工具

Corroded linen ironing tool

熨燙織物時，由于硬水的沉積物——水垢的逐漸積累，蒸汽發生器、燙平機、熨斗等設備的蒸汽管路的口徑會變得狹窄甚至被堵塞，降低了熨燙設備的導熱能力。水垢中的氯離子在高溫下會侵蝕容器的管壁，形成鐵鹽水垢，致使熨燙設備的管壁變薄。

When ironing fabrics, due to the gradual accumulation of hard water deposits - scale, the diameter of the steam pipelines of steam generators, ironing machines, irons, and other equipment will become narrow or even blocked, reducing the thermal conductivity of the ironing equipment. The chloride ions in the scale can corrode the pipe wall of the container at high temperatures, forming iron salt scale, causing the pipe wall of the ironing equipment to become thinner.

硬水的軟化方法

Softening method of hard water

化學軟化法

Chemical softening method

化學軟化法又稱為水劑法，是在水中加入純堿磷酸三鈉或六偏磷酸鈉、乙二胺、四乙酸鈉等化學藥劑，他們與水中的鈣離子作用生成不溶性沉淀，使之從水中去除。

The chemical softening method, also known as the aqueous method, involves adding chemical agents such as sodium tripolyphosphate or sodium hexametaphosphate, ethylenediamine, and sodium tetraacetate to water, which react with calcium ions in the water to form insoluble precipitates and remove them from the water.

離子交換法

Ion exchange method

離子交換法軟化水，是利用陽離子交換樹脂吸附水中鈣、鎂、錳、鐵等陽離子，既可軟化水，又可除去一些對洗滌不利的雜質。離子交換軟化水法，操作方便，使用壽命長，一次性投資稍微大點，但維修費用低。所以也是現在被大多數洗滌廠廣泛使用的原因。更多事項就來我們網站http://www.xcnmpx.com咨詢！

The ion exchange method for softening water uses cation exchange resins to adsorb cations such as calcium, magnesium, manganese, and iron in the water, which can not only soften the water but also remove some impurities that are not conducive to washing. The ion exchange softening water method is easy to operate, has a long service life, and has a slightly larger one-time investment, but low maintenance costs. So it is also the reason why it is widely used by most washing plants now. For more information, come to our website http://www.xcnmpx.com consulting service