水質硬度超標

Excessive hardness of water quality

硬水在洗滌過程中，水中含有的鈣鎂等離子，轉變成不溶于水的碳酸鈣和碳酸鎂，沉積于布草；

During the washing process of hard water, the calcium and magnesium ions contained in the water transform into insoluble calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, which deposit on the linen;

硬水在洗滌過程中，水中含有的鈣鎂等離子與皂基類洗滌劑形成鈣皂鎂皂，沉積于布草；

During the washing process of hard water, the calcium magnesium plasma contained in the water forms calcium soap magnesium soap with soap based detergents, which deposits on the linen;

建議使用軟水洗滌，硬度在50ppm以下。

Suggest using soft water for washing, with a hardness below 50ppm.

長期使用氯漂粉

Long term use of chlorine bleaching powder

氯漂粉與布草中的熒光增白劑發生反應，使布草發暗無光澤；

Chlorine bleaching powder reacts with fluorescent whitening agents in the fabric, causing the fabric to become dull and dull;

氯根在布草中的殘留；

Residues of chloride ions in linen;

建議氯漂粉定期使用，平時漂白去漬可選用彩漂粉。

It is recommended to use chlorine bleaching powder regularly, and color bleaching powder can be used for regular bleaching and stain removal.

洗凈度不夠

Insufficient cleanliness

機器本身轉速是否正常，過快和過慢的轉速都會影響機械力的有效發揮；

Whether the speed of the machine itself is normal, both too fast and too slow speeds can affect the effective performance of mechanical force;

裝機量是否超標，過多或過少，都降低機械力的有效發揮；

Whether the installed capacity exceeds the standard, whether it is too much or too little, will reduce the effective utilization of mechanical force;

洗滌劑的投入量不夠， 沒有達到去污的臨界膠束濃度；

The amount of detergent input is insufficient and has not reached the critical micelle concentration for cleaning;

所選用的洗滌劑是否具有優異的防止污垢再沉積的功能；

Does the selected detergent have excellent anti fouling properties;

建議工作前檢查機器運轉是否正常，采用合理裝機量（70%-80%），選擇優異的洗滌化料。

It is recommended to check the operation of the machine before starting work, use a reasonable installation amount (70% -80%), and choose excellent washing chemicals.

透水中和不徹底

Permeable and incomplete neutralization

布草所洗下的污垢又均勻的附著到被洗滌織物上；

The dirt washed by the linen evenly adheres to the washed fabric;

長期殘留堿殘留氯對色澤的影響；

The effect of long-term residual alkali and residual chlorine on color;

中和酸劑加入后，對溫度時間的控制；

Control of temperature and time after adding neutralizing acid agents;

建議布草洗滌投水不少于3次，有條件情況下2次中脫，中和酸劑40℃加入，洗滌時間不低于3-5分鐘。

It is recommended to wash the linen with water no less than 3 times, and if conditions permit, remove it twice. Neutralizing acid should be added at 40 ℃, and the washing time should not be less than 3-5 minutes.

布草發黃解析

Analysis of yellowing of linen

洗滌用水中鐵離子含量超標

Excessive iron ion content in washing water

洗滌用水中鐵離子含量超標，在洗滌加熱及洗滌液呈堿性條件下，形成顏色較深的鐵銹沉積在布草上，造成發黃。

The iron ion content in the washing water exceeds the standard. Under the alkaline conditions of washing heating and washing solution, dark colored rust forms and deposits on the cloth, causing yellowing.

處理方法：發黃布草處理程序（100kg水洗機）

Processing method: Yellow linen processing program (100kg washing machine)

建議：若是管道老化含有鐵銹殘留，在每天上班洗滌布草之前排清輸水管道和蒸汽管道中的殘留水即可，如果是水源本身含有鐵離子超標（標準小于0.1mg/L），建議改變水源，因處理鐵離子的成本太高，非洗滌工廠所能承受。

Suggestion: If the pipeline is aging and contains rust residue, it is recommended to drain the residual water in the water supply pipeline and steam pipeline before washing the linen every day. If the water source itself contains excessive iron ions (the standard is less than 0.1mg/L), it is recommended to change the water source because the cost of treating iron ions is too high and cannot be borne by the washing factory.

氯漂使用量偏大

Excessive use of chlorine bleaching

氯漂使用量偏大，特別對一些新布草較為明顯，因氯漂粉與布草中的熒光增白劑發生化學反應，造成發黃。

The use of chlorine bleaching is excessive, especially for some new fabrics, as the chemical reaction between chlorine bleaching powder and fluorescent whitening agents in the fabric causes yellowing.

處理方法：進行正常洗滌，使用彩漂漂白。如發黃嚴重使用還原劑還原處理（溫度60℃左右，浴比1：20水），5分鐘后正常投水即可。

Processing method: Perform normal washing and use color bleach for bleaching. If yellowing is severe, use a reducing agent for reduction treatment (temperature around 60 ℃, bath ratio 1:20 water), and add water normally after 5 minutes.

建 議：100kg機器，氯漂粉使用量，新布草300g以下，舊布草400g以下。

Suggestion: 100kg machine, chlorine bleaching powder usage, new linen less than 300g, old linen less than 400g.

柔順劑使用量偏多

Excessive use of softeners

柔順劑使用量偏大，在強制干燥過程中變質，造成發黃。

Excessive use of softeners can cause deterioration during forced drying, resulting in yellowing.

建議：100kg機器使用量，柔順粉400g以下，柔順劑800g以下。

Suggestion: 100kg machine usage, less than 400g of softening powder, and less than 800g of softening agent.

酒店布草發灰發黃破損發硬之謎！

The mystery of hotel linen turning gray, yellow, damaged, and hard!

布草破損解析

Analysis of Damaged Linen

人為原因

Human factors

保管不當布草受潮發霉等造成強度下降；

Improper storage may cause a decrease in strength due to moisture and mold on the linen;

使用運輸不當，造成認為的鉤破刮破拉裂等。

Improper use of transportation, resulting in suspected hook breakage, scraping, tearing, etc.

洗滌用水含鐵量超標的原因

Reasons for excessive iron content in washing water

在洗滌過程中加氧化劑（彩漂粉氯漂粉等）的釋放，使布草纖維脆化。

The release of oxidants (such as color bleaching powder and chlorine bleaching powder) during the washing process makes the linen fibers brittle.

洗滌過程中的原因

Reasons during the washing process

裝機量過多或者過少，造成機器甩干高脫時的拉傷（網狀）；

Excessive or insufficient installed capacity can cause pulling injuries (mesh) when the machine is thrown dry and detached;

出機時的野蠻工作行為，用力過猛，強行拉出造成的撕裂；

The barbaric work behavior when exiting the machine, resulting in tearing due to excessive force and forceful pulling;

洗滌化料加入時的水位過低或直接從機器門口加入，化料直接接觸布草，造成燒傷破損；

When washing chemicals, if the water level is too low or they are directly added from the machine door, the chemicals will come into direct contact with the linen, causing burns and damage;

單獨處理時，使用一些強酸強堿強氯的化學藥劑沒有及時投洗干凈，造成燒傷破損。

When treated separately, some strong acid, strong alkali, and strong chlorine chemical agents were not washed thoroughly in a timely manner, resulting in burns and damage.

酒店內部的原因

Internal reasons within the hotel

服務員的不正規操作，造成床單與床板的刮破鉤破；

The improper operation of the waiter caused scratches and hooks on the bed sheets and bed boards;

部分服務員用客人使用過的布草打掃房間，沾染上所使用的清潔劑，如潔廁劑84消毒液等，因此類清潔劑化學性能很強，對布草纖維的損傷比較大，而且是沾染清潔劑的布草與沒有沾染清潔劑的布草一起存放，造成大批布草沾染燒傷破損。

Some waiters clean the room with cloth used by guests, which is contaminated with cleaning agents such as toilet cleaner 84 disinfectant. Therefore, this type of cleaning agent has strong chemical properties and causes significant damage to the fiber of the cloth. Moreover, cloth that has been contaminated with cleaning agents is stored together with cloth that has not been contaminated with cleaning agents, causing a large number of cloth stains, burns, and damages.

布草發硬解析

Analysis of Cloth Hair Hardening

洗滌用水中鈣鎂鐵等離子超標

Calcium, magnesium, and iron ions in washing water exceed the standard

經過長期洗滌后，在布草上沉積，造成手感粗糙，而且影響柔順劑吸附。

After long-term washing, it deposits on the fabric, causing a rough feel and affecting the adsorption of the softener.

布草長期洗凈度不夠，污垢再沉積

The long-term cleanliness of the linen is insufficient, and dirt deposits again

柔順劑使用量偏少

Insufficient use of softeners

投水中和后是否達到標準的PH值（5.5-6.5）

Does it reach the standard pH value (5.5-6.5) after neutralization with water

柔順劑加入后是否達到要求的溫度（40℃-50℃）

Does the softener reach the required temperature (40 ℃ -50 ℃) after addition

中和柔順的洗滌時間是否達到要求（5分鐘以下）

Does the washing time for neutralization and smoothness meet the requirements (less than 5 minutes)

烘干時，是否薄厚分開烘干

When drying, do you separate the thickness and thickness for drying

烘干過度（烘干到八九成干，打開冷風，自然干燥）

Excessive drying (dry to 80-90% dry, turn on cold air, let it dry naturally)

建議：保證洗滌用水的水質，嚴格按照正規洗滌工藝流程操作。

Suggestion: Ensure the quality of washing water and strictly follow the formal washing process.